Stirred Mill (Perfect Mixing)

Description

This article describes an implementation of the Perfect Mixing vertical stirred mill model outlined by Napier-Munn et al. (1996).

The model described here is for steady-state simulation. For dynamic simulation, see Stirred Mill (Perfect Mixing, Dynamic).

Model theory

The Perfect Mixing model is based on a population balance of particles entering the mill, breaking into smaller sizes, and discharging as product. For a mill operating in steady-state, the diagram in Figure 1 below represents the balance for a given size fraction:

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the steady-state population balance adopted by the Perfect Mixing model.

The steady-state population balance is formulated mathematically as:

$f_{i}-R_{i}s_{i}+\sum _{j=1}^{i}{A_{ij}R_{j}s_{j}}-p_{i}=0$

where:

• $i$ is the index of the size interval, $i=\{1,2,\dots ,n\}$, $n$ is the number of size intervals
• $f_{i}$ is the mass flow rate of solids of size interval $i$ in the mill feed
• $p_{i}$ is the mass flow rate of solids of size interval $i$ in the mill product
• $s_{i}$ is the mass of solids of size interval $i$ in the mill load
• $R_{i}$ is the breakage rate of solids of size interval $i$ in the mill load
• $A_{ij}$ is the appearance function, the distribution of particle mass arising from the breakage of a parent particle in size interval $j$ into progeny of size interval $i$

As the mill is perfectly mixed, the product is related to the mill contents and discharge rate as:

$p_{i}=D_{i}s_{i}$

where $D_{i}$ is the rate of discharge of solids in size interval $i$ from the mill.

Substitution and rearrangement of the above equations leads to:

$p_{i}={\dfrac {f_{i}+\sum \limits _{j=1}^{i}{A_{ij}{\dfrac {R_{j}}{D_{j}}}p_{j}}}{1+{\dfrac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}}}$

The mill product can therefore be computed provided a feed rate, appearance function and breakage rate per discharge rate, $R_{i}/D_{i}$, is available. Alternatively, the $R_{i}/D_{i}$ function can be determined from the feed rate, product rate and appearance function.

Discharge rate

Figure 2. Schematic of a bottom-fed, gravity-induced vertical stirred mill showing key dimensions. The stirrer shown is a screw type with two starts and three turns per start. (After Napier-Munn et al., 1996).

The discharge rate, $D_{i}$, is related to the residence time of pulp in the mill and can be corrected for different volumetric feed rates and mill volumes by first normalising to

$D_{i}^{*}={\dfrac {V_{\rm {Slurry}}}{Q_{\rm {V}}}}D_{i}=\tau D_{i}$

where:

• $D_{i}^{*}$ is the residence time normalised discharge rate per size interval $i$
• $V_{\rm {Slurry}}$ is the volume of slurry in the mill
• $Q_{\rm {V}}$ is the volumetric flow rate of slurry in mill feed (solids plus liquids)
• $\tau$ is the mean residence time of slurry in the mill

The volume of slurry in the mill, $V_{\rm {Slurry}}$ (m³), is the internal volume of the mill, $V_{\rm {Mill}}$ (m³), minus the volume of the media, $V_{\rm {Media}}$ (m³),:

$V_{\rm {Slurry}}=V_{\rm {Mill}}-V_{\rm {Media}}=\pi \left({\dfrac {D}{2}}\right)^{2}H-\pi \left({\dfrac {D}{2}}\right)^{2}H_{\rm {b}}(1-\varepsilon )$

where:

• $D$ is the mill diameter (m)
• $H$ is the mill height, the distance from the feed inlet to the product outlet (m)
• $H_{\rm {b}}$ is the height of the media charge (m)
• $V_{\rm {Stirrer}}$ is the volume occupied by the stirrer mechanism between the feed inlet to the product outlet (m³)
• $\varepsilon$ is volumetric fraction of interstitial void space in the charge, assumed here to be 0.4 (v/v)

The volume occupied by the stirrer mechanism is ignored as a simplification.

The actual discharge rate for a given mill and pulp feed rate is subsequently scaled as:

$D_{i}={\dfrac {Q_{\rm {V}}}{V_{\rm {Slurry}}}}D_{i}^{*}$

with $R_{i}/D_{i}$ becoming $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ for mill model calibration and simulation.

Breakage rate

The $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ rate is a function of particle size and is typically a smooth curve. In order to reduce the number of model parameters, the rates are specified only at three or four regularly spaced sizes (knots). Cubic spline interpolation is then used to reconstruct the complete set of rates for all size intervals.

The breakage rate, $R_{i}$, is affected by mill operating conditions as follows:

$R_{i}\propto {\dfrac {{D_{\rm {s}}}^{3}H_{\rm {b}}N_{\rm {s}}TS}{D_{\rm {b}}}}$

• $D_{\rm {s}}$ is the stirrer diameter (m)
• $N_{\rm {s}}$ is the stirrer speed (rpm)
• $S$ is the number of starts of the screw stirrer
• $T$ is the number of turns per start along the full height of the screw stirrer ($H$)
• $D_{\rm {b}}$ is the mean media diameter (mm)

Adopting the same scaling approach and nomenclature as the Perfect Mixing ball mill, the $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ rate is scaled by the following relation:

$\left({\frac {R}{D^{*}}}\right)_{\rm {Sim}}=\left({\frac {R}{D^{*}}}\right)_{\rm {Orig}}\cdot f_{\rm {Ds}}\cdot f_{\rm {Hb}}\cdot f_{\rm {Ns}}\cdot f_{\rm {S}}\cdot f_{\rm {T}}\cdot f_{\rm {Db}}\cdot f_{\rm {WI}}$

The scaling factors are defined as:

${\begin{array}{lll}f_{\rm {Ds}}=\left({\dfrac {(D_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Sim}}}{(D_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Orig}}}}\right)^{e_{1}},&&f_{\rm {Hb}}=\left({\dfrac {(H_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Sim}}}{(H_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Orig}}}}\right)^{e_{2}},&&f_{\rm {Ns}}=\left({\dfrac {(N_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Sim}}}{(N_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Orig}}}}\right)^{e_{3}}\\f_{\rm {S}}=\left({\dfrac {S_{\rm {Sim}}}{S_{\rm {Orig}}}}\right)^{e_{4}},&&f_{\rm {T}}=\left({\dfrac {T_{\rm {Sim}}}{T_{\rm {Orig}}}}\right)^{e_{5}},&&f_{\rm {Db}}=\left({\dfrac {(D_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Orig}}}{(D_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Sim}}}}\right)^{e_{6}}\\f_{\rm {WI}}=\left({\frac {{\rm {WI}}_{\rm {Orig}}}{{\rm {WI}}_{\rm {Sim}}}}\right)^{e_{7}}\end{array}}$

where:

• the ${\rm {Orig}}$ subscript refers to the original mill from which $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ was derived
• the ${\rm {Sim}}$ subscript refers to the mill being simulated (scaled)
• $e_{1}\dots e_{7}$ are scaling exponents, $e_{1}=3$, $e_{2}\dots e_{6}=1$, and $e_{7}=0.8$

The Work Index scaling factor, $f_{\rm {WI}}$, is retained from the Perfect Mixing ball mill model, where ${\rm {WI}}$ is the Bond Ball Work Index value of the ore (kWh/t).

The model user may optionally change the values of $e_{1}\dots e_{7}$ to suit specific test work results or operating data.

Appearance function

Figure 3. Standard appearance functions for ball (Broadbent-Calcott) and stirred (Kelsall) mills (after Morrell et al., 1993.

The Appearance function describes the mass-by-size distribution of progeny particles resulting from the breakage of parent particles.

The Appearance function may be specified for a particular ore.

Morrell et al. (1993) found the appearance functions generated for the Perfect Mixing ball mill model were too fine for stirred mills. They recommended either generating new appearance functions at one-tenth of the standard breakage test input energy level, or using the Kelsall breakage function.

Internal mesh series

The Perfect Mixing mill model is formulated internally with a geometric progression of 31 mesh sizes at ${\sqrt {2}}$ intervals. Feed and product size fractions are automatically converted to and from the internal mesh series during model computation. The ${\sqrt {2}}$ size intervals allow the appearance function to be specified as a one-dimensional matrix, rather than the two dimensional form defined above, since

$A_{ij}=A_{i-j}$

when the intervals are so spaced.

Multi-component modelling

The original Perfect Mixing model formulation only considered the properties of a single ore type.

This implementation applies different appearance functions and breakage rate scaling factors to separate population balance computations for each ore type in the feed.

Excel

The Perfect Mixing stirred mill model may be invoked from the Excel formula bar with the following function call:

=mdUnit_StirredMill_PerfectMixing(Parameters as Range, Size as Range, MillFeed as Range, OreSG As Range, Appearance as Range, WorkIndexSim As Range, R/D*KnotPositions as Range, R/D*KnotsOrig as Range, Optional ScalingExponents as Range)

Invoking the function with no arguments will print Help text associated with the model, including a link to this page.

Inputs

The required inputs are defined below in matrix notation with elements corresponding to cells in Excel row ($i$) x column ($j$) format:

$Parameters={\begin{bmatrix}D{\text{ (m)}}\\H{\text{ (m)}}\\(H_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Orig}}{\text{ (m)}}\\(D_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Orig}}{\text{ (mm)}}\\(D_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Orig}}{\text{ (m)}}\\(N_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Orig}}{\text{ (rpm)}}\\S_{\rm {Orig}}\\T_{\rm {Orig}}\\(H_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Sim}}{\text{ (m)}}\\(D_{\rm {b}})_{\rm {Sim}}{\text{ (mm)}}\\(D_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Sim}}{\text{ (m)}}\\(N_{\rm {s}})_{\rm {Sim}}{\text{ (rpm)}}\\S_{\rm {Sim}}\\T_{\rm {Sim}}\\{\rm {WI}}_{\rm {Orig}}{\text{ (kWh/t)}}\\(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{\rm {L}}{\text{ (t/h)}}\\\rho _{\rm {L}}{\text{ (t/m}}^{\text{3}}{\text{)}}\\\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;Size={\begin{bmatrix}d_{1}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\vdots \\d_{n}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;MillFeed={\begin{bmatrix}(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{11}{\text{ (t/h)}}&\dots &(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{1m}{\text{ (t/h)}}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{n1}{\text{ (t/h)}}&\dots &(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{nm}{\text{ (t/h)}}\\\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;OreSG={\begin{bmatrix}(\rho _{\rm {S}})_{1}{\text{ (t/m}}^{\text{3}}{\text{)}}&\dots &(\rho _{\rm {S}})_{m}{\text{ (t/m}}^{\text{3}}{\text{)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}$

$Appearance={\begin{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}A_{1}{\text{ (frac)}}\\\vdots \\A_{31}{\text{ (frac)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}_{1}\dots {\begin{bmatrix}A_{1}{\text{ (frac)}}\\\vdots \\A_{31}{\text{ (frac)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}_{m}\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;{\rm {WI}}_{\rm {Sim}}={\begin{bmatrix}{\rm {WI}}_{1}{\text{ (kWh/t)}}&\dots &{\rm {WI}}_{m}{\text{ (kWh/t)}}\\\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;R/D^{*}KnotPositions={\begin{bmatrix}d_{1}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\vdots \\d_{k}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\end{bmatrix}},\;\;\;\;\;\;R/D^{*}KnotOrig={\begin{bmatrix}\ln \left({\frac {R}{D^{*}}}\right)_{1}\\\vdots \\\ln \left({\frac {R}{D^{*}}}\right)_{k}\\\end{bmatrix}}$

${\mathit {ScalingExponents}}={\begin{bmatrix}e_{1}\\e_{2}\\e_{3}\\e_{4}\\e_{5}\\e_{6}\\e_{7}\\\end{bmatrix}}^{*}$

where:

• $(Q_{\rm {M,F}})_{\rm {L}}$ is the mass flow feed rate of liquids into the mill (t/h)
• $\rho _{\rm {B}}$ is the Specific Gravity or density of the media in the mill (- or t/m³)
• $\rho _{\rm {L}}$ is the Specific Gravity or density of liquids in the feed (- or t/m³)
• $m$ is the number of ore types
• $k$ is the number of breakage rate per discharge rate knots
• $d_{i}$ is the size of the square mesh interval that feed mass is retained on (mm)
• $d_{i+1}<d_{i}<d_{i-1}$, i.e. descending size order from top size ($d_{1}$) to sub mesh ($d_{n}=0$ mm)
• $Q_{\rm {M,F}}$ is the mass flow rate of particles in the feed (t/h)
• $\rho _{\rm {S}}$ is the Specific Gravity or density of solids (- or t/m³)
• $^{*}$ indicates the ${\mathit {ScalingExponents}}$ array is optional, the default values are used if omitted.

Results

The results are displayed in Excel as an array corresponding to the matrix notation below:

$mdUnit\_StirredMill\_PerfectMixing={\begin{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}Q_{\rm {V}}{\text{ (m}}^{\text{3}}{\text{/h)}}\\V_{\rm {Mill}}{\text{ (m}}^{\text{3}}{\text{)}}\\V_{\rm {Media}}\\V_{\rm {Slurry}}\\{\rm {LF}}{\text{ (v/v)}}\\\tau {\text{ (min)}}\\{\text{R/D* factor (frac)}}\\f_{\rm {Ds}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {Hb}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {Ns}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {S}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {T}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {Db}}{\text{ (-)}}\\f_{\rm {WI}}{\text{ (-)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{array}{cccccc}{\begin{bmatrix}d_{1}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\vdots \\d_{n}{\text{ (mm)}}\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}(Q_{\rm {M,P}})_{11}{\text{ (t/h)}}&\dots &(Q_{\rm {M,P}})_{1m}{\text{ (t/h)}}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\(Q_{\rm {M,P}})_{n1}{\text{ (t/h)}}&\dots &(Q_{\rm {M,P}})_{nm}{\text{ (t/h)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}{\bar {d}}_{1}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\vdots \\{\bar {d}}_{31}{\text{ (mm)}}\\\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}^{*}}}_{11}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}/{\text{h}}\right)&\dots &{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}^{*}}}_{1m}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}/{\text{h}}\right)\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}^{*}}}_{31,1}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}/{\text{h}}\right)&\dots &{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}^{*}}}_{31m}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}/{\text{h}}\right)\\\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}_{11}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)&\dots &{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}_{1m}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}_{31,1}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)&\dots &{\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}_{31m}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)\\\end{bmatrix}}&{\begin{bmatrix}\ln \left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{11}&\dots &\ln \left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{1m}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\\ln \left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{k1}&\dots &\ln \left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{km}\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\&&&&&{\begin{bmatrix}\left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{11}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)&\dots &\left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{1m}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\\left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{k1}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)&\dots &\left({\frac {R_{i}}{D_{i}}}\right)_{km}\left({\frac {{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}{{\text{h}}^{\text{-1}}}}\right)\\\end{bmatrix}}\\\\&&&&&{\begin{bmatrix}(Factor_{\rm {WI}})_{1}&\dots &(Factor_{\rm {WI}})_{m}\end{bmatrix}}\\\\&&&&&&\\&&&&&&\end{array}}\end{bmatrix}}$

where:

• ${\rm {LF}}$ is the media load fraction (v/v), defined as the fraction of mill volume occupied by media, including void spaces, i.e. ${\rm {LF}}=H_{\rm {b}}{\big /}H$
• ${\text{R/D* factor}}=D_{i}^{*}/D_{i}$ is the discharge rate scaling factor
• $Q_{\rm {M,P}}$ is the mass flow rate of particles in the mill product (t/h)
• ${\bar {d}}_{i}$ is the geometric mean size of the internal mesh series interval that mass is retained on (mm)

Example

The images below show the selection of input arrays and output results in the Excel interface.

Figure 3. Example showing the selection of the Parameters (blue frame) array in Excel. Figure 4. Example showing the outline of the Results (light blue frame) array in Excel.

Figure 5. Example showing the selection of the Size (red frame), OreSG (green frame) and MillFeed (purple frame).

Figure 6. Example showing the selection of the Appearance (pink frame), R/D*KnotPositions (teal frame), R/D*KnotsOrig (blue frame), WorkIndexSim (red frame) arrays in Excel.

SysCAD

The SysCAD interface for steady-state (ProBal) mode is described below. For SysCAD Dynamic, see Stirred Mill (Perfect Mixing, Dynamic).

MD_Mill page

The first tab page in the access window will have this name.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
Tag	Display	This name tag may be modified with the change tag option.
Condition	Display	OK if no errors/warnings, otherwise lists errors/warnings.
ConditionCount	Display	The current number of errors/warnings. If condition is OK, returns 0.
GeneralDescription / GenDesc	Display	This is an automatically generated description for the unit. If the user has entered text in the 'EqpDesc' field on the Info tab (see below), this will be displayed here. If this field is blank, then SysCAD will display the unit class ID.
Requirements
On	CheckBox	This enables the unit. If this box is not checked, then the material will pass straight through the mill with no change to the size distribution.
NumParallelUnits	Input	The number of parallel, identical units to simulate: Feed is divided by the number of parallel units before being sent to the unit model. Unit model product is multiplied back by the same value and returned to the SysCAD product stream. All unit model result values are shown per parallel unit.
Method	Fixed Discharge	The discharge particle size distribution is user defined. Different distributions can be used for different solids.
	AG/SAG (Variable Rates)	The Variable Rates AG/SAG mill model is used to determine the mill product size distribution. Different parameters can be used for different solids.
	Rod Mill (Lynch)	The Lynch rod mill model is used to determine the mill product size distribution. Different parameters can be used for different solids.
	Ball (Perfect Mixing)	The Perfect Mixing ball mill model (steady-state or dynamic) is used to determine the mill product size distribution. Different parameters can be used for different solids.
	Stirred (Perfect Mixing)	The Perfect Mixing stirred mill model (steady-state or dynamic) is used to determine the mill product size distribution. Different parameters can be used for different solids.
	Mill (Herbst-Fuerstenau)	The Herbst-Fuerstenau model is used to determine the mill product size distribution. Different parameters can be used for different solids.
PowerModels	CheckBox	Show alternative mill power model calculations on the Power page.
MediaStrings	CheckBox	Show media size distributions at recharge equilibrium on the MediaStrings page.
Options
ShowQFeed	CheckBox	QFeed and associated tab pages (eg Sp) will become visible, showing the properties of the combined feed stream.
ShowQProd	CheckBox	QProd and associated tab pages (eg Sp) will become visible, showing the properties of the products.
SizeForPassingFracCalc	Input	Size fraction for % Passing calculation. The size fraction input here will be shown in the Stream Summary section.
FracForPassingSizeCalc	Input	Fraction passing for Size calculation. The fraction input here will be shown in the Stream Summary section.
Stream Summary
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The total mass flow in each stream.
SolidMassFlow / SQm	Display	The Solids mass flow in each stream.
LiquidMassFlow / LQm	Display	The Liquid mass flow in each stream.
VolFlow / Qv	Display	The total Volume flow in each stream.
Temperature / T	Display	The Temperature of each stream.
Density / Rho	Display	The Density of each stream.
SolidFrac / Sf	Display	The Solid Fraction in each stream.
LiquidFrac / Lf	Display	The Liquid Fraction in each stream.
Passing	Display	The mass fraction passing the user-specified size (in the field SizeForPassingFracCalc) in each stream.
Passes	Display	The user-specified (in the field FracForPassesSizeCalc) fraction of material in each stream will pass this size fraction.

Mill page

The Mill page is used to specify the input parameters for the mill model.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
PerfectMixing
HelpLink		Opens a link to this page using the system default web browser. Note: Internet access is required.
Stirred
MediaStringsP50	CheckBox	Only visible if the MediaStrings option is checked. Replaces the MediaSize.Sim user defined value with the MediaSize (All) P50 value from the MediaStrings page. The value of MediaSize.Orig should be determined on the same basis for correct scaling of a changed media charge.
UserExponents	Checkbox	Indicates whether to use user-defined values for the scaling exponents.
MillDiameter	Input	The inside liner diameter of the simulated mill.
MillHeight	Input	The height of the simulated mill.
MediaHeight	Input	Height of the media charge of the original and simulated mills.
MediaDiameter	Input	Median diameter of the media in the original and simulated mills.
StirrerDiameter	Input	Diameter of the stirrers of the original and simulated mills.
StirrerSpeed	Input	Rotational speed of the stirrers of the original and simulated mills.
StirrerStarts	Input	Number of starts of the (screw) stirrers of the original and simulated mills.
StirrerTurns	Input	Number of turns per start of the (screw) stirrers of the original and simulated mills.
WorkIndex	Input	Bond Ball Work Index of ore in the original mill.
Exponent	Input	Only visible if UserExponents is selected Allows user to specify values of the scaling exponent for each original/simulated parameter pair.
R/DFunction
NumSplineKnots	Input	Number of spline knots for the $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ function.
Size	Input	Spline knot size positions.
Ln(R/D*)	Input	Values of $\ln R/D^{*}$ at each spline knot position.
Results
MillVolume	Display	Volume inside the mill.
MediaVolume	Display	Volume occupied by the media in the mill, excluding void space.
SlurryVolume	Display	Volume of slurry in the mill, including slurry in media void space and above media charge.
LoadFraction	Display	Volume of media charge, including void space and excluding stirrer volume, as a fraction of mill volume, excluding stirrer volume.
ResidenceTime	Display	Mean residence time of slurry in the mill.

Ore page

This page is used to define the comminution properties of SysCAD species with the size distribution quality in the project.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
Appearance
DefaultAppearance		Sets all species to the the default Kelsall Appearance function.
OreSpecific	CheckBox	Ore-specific parameters, allows the Appearance data to be separately input for all species. Default is all species have the same set of single input properties. This option is only available if there is more than one species in the project with the size distribution property.
Appearance	Input	User-specified Appearance function data for all species with size distribution property.
WorkIndex
WorkIndex.Sim	Input	Bond Ball Work Index data for all species with size distribution property.

Ri/Di page

This page displays the scaling factors and breakage rate per discharge rate for each size interval computed by the Perfect Mixing model.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
Scaling
RDStar/RD	Display	Value of the ${\frac {R}{D^{*}}}{\bigg /}{\frac {R}{D}}$ factor for discharge rate scaling.
StirrerDiameter	Display	Value of the stirrer diameter factor for rate scaling.
MediaHeight	Display	Value of the media height factor for rate scaling.
StirrerSpeed	Display	Value of the stirrer speed factor for rate scaling.
StirrerStarts	Display	Value of the stirrer starts factor for rate scaling.
StirrerTurns	Display	Value of the stirrer turns per start factor for rate scaling.
MediaSize	Display	Value of the media size factor for rate scaling.
WorkIndex	Display	Value of the Work Index factor of each ore species for rate scaling.
Ri/DiStar
Size	Display	Size of each interval in internal mesh series.
MeanSize	Display	Geometric mean size of each interval in internal mesh series.
Ri/DiStar	Display	Value of normalised $R_{i}/D_{i}^{*}$ rate for each size interval, for each ore species.
Ri/Di
Size	Display	Size of each interval in internal mesh series.
MeanSize	Display	Geometric mean size of each interval in internal mesh series.
Ri/Di	Display	Value of $R_{i}/D_{i}$ rate for each size interval, for each ore species.

Power page

This optional page displays the inputs and results for alternative mill power models. The page is only visible if PowerModels is selected on the MD_Mill page.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
Power
Nitta	CheckBox	Shows inputs and results for stirred mill power calculations using the Nitta method.
Heath	CheckBox	Shows inputs and results for stirred mill power calculations using the Heath method.

MediaStrings page

This page displays the inputs and results for grinding mill media string calculations. The page is only visible if MediaStrings is selected on the MD_Mill page.

About page

This page is provides product and licensing information about the Met Dynamics Models SysCAD Add-On.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Display	Description/Calculated Variables/Options
About
HelpLink		Opens a link to the Installation and Licensing page using the system default web browser. Note: Internet access is required.
Information		Copies Product and License information to the Windows clipboard.
Product
Name	Display	Met Dynamics software product name
Version	Display	Met Dynamics software product version number.
BuildDate	Display	Build date and time of the Met Dynamics Models SysCAD Add-On.
License
File		This is used to locate a Met Dynamics software license file.
Location	Display	Type of Met Dynamics software license or file name and path of license file.
SiteCode	Display	Unique machine identifier for license authorisation.
ReqdAuth	Display	Authorisation level required, MD-SysCAD Full or MD-SysCAD Runtime.
Status	Display	License status, LICENSE_OK indicates a valid license, other messages report licensing errors.
IssuedTo	Display	Only visible if Met Dynamics license file is used. Name of organisation/seat the license is authorised to.
ExpiryDate	Display	Only visible if Met Dynamics license file is used. License expiry date.
DaysLeft	Display	Only visible if Met Dynamics license file is used. Days left before the license expires.

See also

• Dynamic Perfect Mixing stirred mill model
• Herbst-Fuerstenau mill model
• Stirred Mill (Power, Nitta)
• Stirred Mill (Power, Heath)